• • • • • • • Visible at latitudes between +° and −°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of January. Taurus ( for 'the Bull') is one of the of the, which means it is crossed by the plane of the. Taurus is a large and prominent constellation in the 's winter sky. It is one of the oldest constellations, dating back to at least the when it marked the location of the Sun during the spring.

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Its importance to the agricultural calendar influenced in the mythologies of Ancient,,,,,, and. A number of features exist that are of interest to astronomers.

Taurus hosts two of the nearest to Earth, the and the, both of which are visible to the naked eye. At first magnitude, the is the brightest star in the constellation. In the northwest part of Taurus is the, more commonly known as the Crab Nebula. One of the closest regions of active star formation, the Taurus-Auriga complex, crosses into the northern part of the constellation. The is the prototype of a class of.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • Characteristics [ ] Taurus is a big and prominent constellation in the 's winter sky, between to the west and to the east; to the north lie and, to the southeast, to the south, and to the southwest. In September and October, Taurus is visible in the evening along the eastern horizon. The most favorable time to observe Taurus in the night sky is during the months of December and January. By March and April, the constellation will appear to the west during the evening twilight. This constellation forms part of the zodiac, and hence is intersected by the. This circle across the forms the apparent path of the Sun as the Earth completes its annual orbit. As the orbital plane of the Moon and the planets lie near the ecliptic, they can usually be found in the constellation Taurus during some part of each year.

The of the intersects the northeast corner of the constellation and the is located near the border between Taurus and Auriga. Taurus is the only constellation crossed by all three of the galactic equator, celestial equator, and ecliptic. A ring-like galactic structure known as passes through the constellation. The recommended three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the in 1922, is 'Tau'. The official constellation boundaries, as set by in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 26 segments. In the, the coordinates of these borders lie between 03 h 23.4 m and 05 h 53.3 m, while the coordinates are between 31.10° and −1.35°.

Because a small part of the constellation lies to the south of the, this can not be a completely at any latitude. Features [ ].

The constellation Taurus as it can be seen by the naked eye. The constellation lines have been added for clarity. During November, the appears to radiate from the general direction of this constellation. The meteor shower occurs during the months of June and July in the daytime, and is normally observed using radio techniques. Between 18 and 29 October, both the and the are active; though the latter stream is stronger. However, between November 1 and 10, the two streams equalize.

The brightest member of this constellation is, an orange-hued, K5 III. Its name derives from al-dabarān, for 'the follower', probably from the fact that it follows the during the nightly motion of the across the sky. Forming the profile of a Bull's face is a V or K-shaped of stars. This outline is created by prominent members of the, the nearest distinct open after the. In this profile, Aldebaran forms the bull's bloodshot eye, which has been described as 'glaring menacingly at the hunter Orion', a constellation that lies just to the southwest.

The Hyades span about 5° of the sky, so that they can only be viewed in their entirety with binoculars or the unaided eye. It includes a naked eye double star,, with a separation of 5.6. In the northeastern quadrant of the Taurus constellation lie the (), one of the best known open clusters, easily visible to the naked eye.

The seven most prominent stars in this cluster are at least visual six, and so the cluster is also named the 'Seven Sisters'. However, many more stars are visible with even a modest telescope. Astronomers estimate that the cluster has approximately 500-1,000 stars, all of which are around 100 million years old. However, they vary considerably in type. The Pleiades themselves are represented by large, bright stars; also many small and exist.

The cluster is estimated to dissipate in another 250 million years. The Pleiades cluster is classified as a Shapley class c and Trumpler class I 3 r n cluster, indicating that it is irregularly shaped and loose, though concentrated at its center and detached from the star field. In the northern part of the constellation to the northwest of the Pleiades lies the Crystal Ball Nebula, known by its catalogue designation of. This is of historical interest following its discovery by German-born English astronomer in 1790. Prior to that time, astronomers had assumed that were simply unresolved groups of stars. However, Herschel could clearly resolve a star at the center of the nebula that was surrounded by a nebulous cloud of some type. In 1864, English astronomer used the spectrum of this nebula to deduce that the nebula is a luminous gas, rather than stars.

To the west, the two horns of the bull are formed by and; two star systems that are separated by 8°. Beta is a white, spectral class B7 III giant star known as El Nath, which comes from the Arabic phrase 'the butting', as in butting by the horns of the bull. At magnitude 1.65, it is the second brightest star in the constellation, and shares the border with the neighboring constellation of. As a result, it also bears the designation Gamma Aurigae. Zeta Tauri is an star that completes an orbit every 133 days. Brightest NGC objects in Taurus 10.9 6.4 6 7.7 open cluster 8.4 (M1) A degree to the northwest of ζ Tauri is the (M1), a. This expanding was created by a explosion, which was seen from Earth on July 4, 1054.

It was bright enough to be observed during the day, and is mentioned in Chinese historical texts. At its peak the supernova reached magnitude −4, but the nebula is currently magnitude 8.4 and requires a telescope to observe. Also observed the supernova, as evidenced from a painting on a New Mexican canyon and various pieces of pottery that depict the event.

However, the remnant itself was not discovered until 1731, when found it. The star is an eclipsing binary star. This system consists of a spectral class B3 star being orbited by a less massive class A4 star. The lies almost along the line of sight to the Earth. Every 3.953 days the system temporarily decreases in brightness by 1.1 magnitudes as the brighter star is partially eclipsed by the dimmer companion. The two stars are separated by only 0.1, so their shapes are modified by mutual tidal interaction.

This results in a variation of their net magnitude throughout each orbit. Central area of constellation Taurus, showing at the lower left. Mindcrack SMP Season 4 Final World. Located about 1.8° west of is, the prototype of a class of called. This star undergoes erratic changes in luminosity, varying between 9 to 13 over a period of weeks or months.

This is a newly formed stellar object that is just emerging from its envelope of gas and dust, but has not yet become a star. The surrounding is illuminated by T Tauri, and thus is also variable in luminosity. To the north lies, a visual consisting of two A7-type components. The pair have a separation of just 5.6 arc minutes, making them a challenge to split with the naked eye. This constellation includes part of the Taurus-Auriga complex, or Taurus dark clouds, a star-forming region containing sparse, filamentary clouds of gas and dust. This spans a diameter of 98 (30 ) and contains 35,000 of material, which is both larger and less massive than the. At a distance of 490 light-years (150 parsecs), this is one of the nearest active star forming regions.

Located in this region, about 10° to the northeast of Aldebaran, is an asterism spanning a width of 45. History and mythology [ ]. Main article: As of 2008, the Sun appears in the constellation Taurus from May 13 to June 21. In, the Sun is considered to be in the sign from April 20 to May 20.

Space exploration [ ] The is moving in the direction of this constellation, though it will not be nearing any of the stars in this constellation for many thousands of years, by which time its batteries will be long dead. Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919 [ ] Several stars in Hyades cluster include were photographed during by the expedition of in and others in that 's prediction of the around the from his which he published in 1915. See also [ ] • • • Notes [ ]. • Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963) [1899].

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